Improvement in inhaling gases



`ings illustrating the same.

A. @auch taies garant @fitta WILLIAM z. w. CHAPMAN, on NEW YoEK, N. YQ

Laim Patent No, 77,168, naar Alma 28, lees.

IMPROVEMENT 1N INEALING GASES.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM Z. W.. CHAPMAN, of the city, county, andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin'Apparatus for Inhaling Gases and Vapore, &c., for surgical and otherpurposes; andI do' hereby declare and ascertainmy said improvements,referring to the accompanying draw-A My present improvements are in thedetails of construction and employment of apparatus for inhaling gasesapplicable to the practical and convenient/use ofthe same, especially indental and other like operations.

The construction is as follows: The general view of an entire apparatusis shown in Figure 1, where A is an operating-chair, on which thepatient is to be seated; B is the operators table; C is apartition-wall, from which a portion of the apparatus'is suspended. lThegas-reservoir or gusometer is'not shown, it being of ordi-` naryconstruction, and is generally put in an adjoining room. a is a pipeleading from the reservoir of gas to the chair, and conveying gas to thepatient. VA portion of this pipea, may be made flexible. It extends upbehind the chair to a valve-apparatus, b, which is attached, eitherstationary or so as to slide in any direction, upon the chair or someother convenient fixture. From this valve-apparatus b, a pipe extends upover the chair,

with proper supports. to the apparatus, through which. the patientbreathes. Another branch, a, of the gaspipe a branches off from it, andconnects with a mouth-respirator, c, which is sustained when not in useby a cord and counter-weight, d, spring, or other convenient deviceconvenient to the hand of the operator for application to the patient,and, when freed from use, returning to its suspended positiono'ut of theway of the operators instruments, and-without his effort. I alsoconnect, with the gas-rservoir, an index or register, in a positionconvenient for the operator to note, as ate, in fig. I, which will atall times show the quantity of gas at the command of the operatorwhichis very important in practice.

The details that are new in this general apparatus are as follows, 'andmay be considered as improvements upon the apparatus formerly patentedby met Figure 2, of the drawing, shows an arrangement of inhaling andexhaling-pipes, that enables me to dispense with a valve in theinhaler,fone valve, closing the-exhaler, being alone necessary'. I nthis device, a is the inhalz ing or gas-pipe connecting with thereservoir. It enters the breathing-tube or exhaler bat right anglesthereto, this latter being a straight tube, having a valve, c, to closeit, that opens outward, through which the breath of the patient iscxhalcd'by the opening of said valve. When inhaling-,the valve c closes,and the gas is drawn in through pipe a aforesaid, and it will be noticedthat owing to the relative position of the two pipes, the'tendency toforce the exhaled breath into the gas-pipc is obviated without thenecessity of a protecting-valve-to close it. I have herein ldescribedand shown the gas-pipe at right angles to the exhaler, where they unite,but other angles may be adopted; for instance, the gasvmay How parallelwith the exhaler, and thence -through an open* ing into it. vThis isillstrated'by the introddct'iori of a partition, as shown by the dottedlines ein the figure,

These are types, but the varieties of form are numerous, the devicebeing a straight exhaling-tube, with an opening for the flow of gasinto' it on one side:

In my former patent I describe a tube, e, having a piece, e', to coverthe tongue, said piece 'e' being placed i between the teeth. l

Figure 3 represents a modified form of this device, which may, if thepiece itself is not broad enough, have wings or projections on eachside. I employ this for opening the jaws to a suicient width, and toprop them open when necessary. 'To effect this, I can insert akey (seeFigure 4) into the tube e, which it its, and turn the tube, which isbetween the jaws, at right angles, so `as to have its longest axispresented as the propon which the teeth or gums rest, as the case maybe, while the patient is insensible.

Figure 5 is a modification of this prop, where screws are used, toexpand it; and it is obvious that various other mechanical equivalentscan be used for the screw for expanding the prop, thatlwill eifect thesame purpose' of opening and expanding the opening of the jaws.

' In my former patent, before referred to, 'I have a device for holdingthe lips, to 4prevent the admission of external air when they collapseundenthe inuen'ce of gas, the. For this purposey I have sinceidevised anexpanding mouth-piece, shown in Figure 6. This is an oval "device, madein three parts, so grooved on its exterior edges as to allow thc lips ofthe patient to rest therein. When this is inserted, 'the two wingsorside pieces Il can be expanded or mad'e to slide outward, so as tostretch out the lips and. make them fit the groove,

-securely excluding the air, as in the other case, while gas is beingadministered. This expansion can be effected Vtuted therefor.

by the hand of the 'operator or by any convenient and well-knownmechanism. This device mayalso be employed in thenostrils should it bedesired to administer gas through them by this means. I sometimes borderthe mouth-piece or plate with India rubber, as shown by red lines in theiig. 6, and it` can be employed as a -mouth-stopper when gas isadministered through'the no se alone, or an iIndia-rubber cover may besubsti- When the external air is to be excluded from the lungs, and themouth is required to be open for an opcra tion within it, while gas isbeing inhaled throughV the nose, I employa diaphragm or valve 'ot' thinvrubber, as

shown at Figure 9, inserted into the mouth, back ofthe teeth, but infront of the air-passage from the nostrils, thus cutting oif'thecommunication between the mouth and thelungs, and retaining that throughthe nose open.

I can, if desired, pass a gas-tube thronghithis diaphragm, and admit gasin that way to thelungs while opcrating `in' the mouth, orwiththcrnlouth open. A wet sponge or other diaphragm suitable for theVpurpose may be substituted for the 4India rubber above named.

vI haver'expericnced some diiiculty in keeping the v arious joints of.myapparatus tight until devised an India-rubber joint, or other'suitableelastic material, composed of a layer-of India rubber or tubing,compressed between two rigid tubes, conical or otherwise; and this Ihave found ecient, enabling me to tu'rn the parts at p. the joint, ortake them apart and replace them without injury to the air-tightintegrity `of saidjcints. I represont this at Figure 7, in section; p I

I have found in some protracted ca scs that it was -necessary tocontinue the supply of gasfor breathing while the' mouth was free foroperations. I have therefore devised for this purpose an independentnoscrespirator, `in some4 particulars l analogous to that used in myformer patent, in conjunction withfmy mouthrespirator. v

On the back of thc-operating-cbair, as has'been hereinbefore indicated,there is a valve-apparatus, show'n in detail at iig'. 7, in` which thereis a stop-cocklat a, and a. self-operating valve l, which rests againsta raised valveseat, as seen iu the figure, which insures a perfectclosingof thc valve without adhesion. -This device I Aadoptfor all myself-acting valves. From this apparatus', a flexible pipe leads tothenose-piece.

The nose-piece is represented at Figure 8, a, Vof metal or othersuitable material, to cover the nose, having on its cdgenext to the facea margin of elastic or lcxiblematerial, @projecting inward, and'fittingaround theV nose, so as to exclude the air therefrom. Thisii'exiblemargin ZJ may be single or double, and may be affixed in any convenientway. It may-be so jointed as to embrace the nose like a p'air of tongs,or in any convenient ,way applied that secures the result of surroundingthe noseair-tigl1t, without closing the nostrils, which would Y preventthe entrance ofthe gas. That portion of the elastic margin b. under thenose may be separate from thercst, or otherwise, and can be made toslide in or out to suit the formation of the features', and there can lbe a small mucus-'receiver connected with the cap, if found necessary,and the cap is supplied with a self-acting cxhaling-valve, cl, in anyconvenient position. v

To properly connect this device with the patient, a strap orband, W,(sec fig. 8,) may b e u'scd to surround the head, and connected byproper attachment to the nose-piece, that shown `in the drawing being acurved metal bar, ze, attached to the band w by elastic bands y, metalbar resting. in the notches in the {ln-nah on the nose-cover, so as tobe readily raised or lowered to bring the pressure on the proper-point.

I sometimes omit the'induction-valve at b, iig. 7, and connect the pipefor gas with this apparatus, as in the mouth-apparatus. With thisapparatus I propose using any ancesthetic that may be found advisab1e.`

Having thus fully described my improved apparatus for ansthetic andother purposes, what I claim, and desire to secure by vLett-ersV Patent,`is 1. Placing thegasfpipe a in said apparatus at an angle with the pipeb, for inhaling through, to obviate the .neccssityof a valve to preventthe return of the exhaled gases into the gas-pipe, substantially asherein described. v Y i 2. I also claim the expanding mouth-piece,constructed a'nd arranged' substantially as and for the purposes setforth. l

l 3. Ialso claim a suspending-device, employed in combination' with thebreathing-apparatus, by which'the same is drawn out of the way,.andsupported when released by the operator, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth. s 4

4. I also claim the formation of the joints of the apparatus bycompressing the elastic tube, between the surfaces of two rigid tubes,as above specified.

5. I also claim the construction and operationot` thebreathingapparatus, substantially as herein described, so as toadministerthe gas, if required, during an operation, or while the mouthis open and free therefor, as well as before the patient is renderedinsensible, substantially as above specified.

6. I also claim aiiixing a gas-inhaler to the nose of `a patient by theemployment of an apparatus, Isubstan-V tially as herein described, incombination with said inhaler, so as to administer gas while theoperator is free to operate uponthe patient without the aid of anassistant, as would otherwise be required.

' 7. I also claim atlixingthe apparatus either to the operating-chair orother suitable permanent fixture, so as to relieve the operator orpatient of the weight and annoyance of the apparatus, while it is at alltimesready for use without other aid, substantially as herein described.

8. I also claim the devices illustrated in figs. 3 and 5, adjustable orotherwise, substantially as there represented, for opening the jaws ofthe patient, as herein set forth.

'17,162 3 9. I also claim the employment of an indicator in combinationwith a respirator and gas-receptacle, presenting to the eye of theoperator at all times the state of the apparatus and the supply andquantity of gas taken, substantially as and forpthe purposes set forth.v

10. I also claim the diaphragm, substantially as described, to be placedin the mouth, to cut o communication between the lungs and the externalair through the mouth when the mouth is open.

Y WM. z. W. GHAPMAN.

Witnesses:

J. J. GminiroUGH, STEPHEN G. CLARKE.

